Tiếng Anh 12 Bright Unit 3 3b. Grammar

Bài 1

Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

1. Read the sentences (1-6) and complete the rules (a-f) with the words in bold. Then match.

(Đọc các câu (1-6) và hoàn thành các quy tắc (a-f) với các từ in đậm. Sau đó nối.)

1. ___ David is the person who/that created the popular online publication.

2. ___ The USA is the country where/in which the first smartphone was made.

3. ___ The photo which/that Mark tagged us in appeared on my newsfeed.

4. ___ That new update is the reason why your social media settings have changed.

5. ___ Tina is the girl whose mother reads news bulletins for the local radio station.

6. ___ 2022 was the year when/in which Paul started his new sports channel.

We use...

a. _____ to refer to possession.

b. _____ to refer to things.

c. _____ to refer to people.

d. _____ to refer to reasons.

e. _____ to refer to time.

f. _____ to refer to place

Lời giải chi tiết:

1-c: David is the person who/that created the popular online publication. - who/ that to refer to people.

(David chính là người tạo ra ấn phẩm trực tuyến nổi tiếng. – who/that dùng để chỉ người.)

2-f: The USA is the country where/in which the first smartphone was made. - where/in which to refer to place

(Mỹ là đất nước mà chiếc điện thoại thông minh đầu tiên ra đời – where/ in which dùng để chỉ nơi chốn.)

3-b: The photo which/that Mark tagged us in appeared on my newsfeed. - . which/ that to refer to things.

(Tấm ảnh mà Mark gắn thẻ chúng tôi xuất hiện trên bản tin của tôi. - which/that dùng để chỉ đồ vật.)

4-d: That new update is the reason why your social media settings have changed. - why to refer to reasons.

(Cập nhật mới là lí do mà tại sao các thiết lập trên mạng xã hội của tôi đã thay đổi. – why dùng để chỉ lí do.)

5-a: Tina is the girl whose mother reads news bulletins for the local radio station. - whose to refer to possession.

(Tina là cô gái mà mẹ cô đọc tin vắn cho trạm phát thanh địa phương – whose dùng để chỉ sự sở hữu.)

6-e: 2022 was the year when/in which Paul started his new sports channel. - when/ in which to refer to time.

(2022 là năm mà Paul mở kênh thể thao mới. – when/in which dùng để chỉ thời gian.)

Bài 2

2. Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. This is the building _____ they print the local newspaper.

A. where B. which C. whose D. whom

2. Paul, _____ profile picture shows a dog, is my best friend.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

3. An is the person _____ taught me how to use QR codes to share web page links.

A. which B. who C. where D. whom

4. The low price of the music streaming service is the reason _____ it has become so popular.

A. why B. which C. that D. when

5. December is the month _____ my best friend and I started a tech podcast together.

A. why B. when C. where D. which

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. This is the building where they print the local newspaper.

(Đây là toà nhà nơi mà người ta in báo địa phương.)

2. Paul, whose profile picture shows a dog, is my best friend.

(Paul, người mà có ảnh đại diện là một chú chó, là bạn thân của tôi.)

3. An is the person who taught me how to use QR codes to share web page links.

(An là người dạy tôi cách dùng mã QR để chia sẻ liên kết các trang web.)

4. The low price of the music streaming service is the reason why it has become so popular.

(Giá rẻ của các dịch vụ phát nhạc trực tuyến là lí do tại sao chúng lại trở nên phổ biến.)

5. December is the month when my best friend and I started a tech podcast together.

(Tháng 12 là tháng mà tôi và người bạn thân của mình cùng nhau mở một kênh podcast về công nghệ.)

Bài 3

3. Combine the sentences using who(m), which, that, whose, where, when or why.

(Kết hợp các câu sau dùng who(m), which, that, whose, where, when or why.)

1. Greg is a student in my media studies class. He is a popular music streamer.

2. Jane chose the documentary. It was very interesting and educational.

3. The TV station cancelled the comedy programme. Low ratings were the reason.

4. Kevin is a great influencer. His social media account has 20,000 followers.

5. That billboard has a picture of a famous actor. It is advertising a new film.

6. It was May. I downloaded the podcast app then.

7. That is the PC café. We had our flyers printed there.

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. Greg, who a popular music streamer, is a student in my media studies class.

(Greg, một người phát nhạc số nổi tiếng, là một sinh viên trong lớp truyền thông học của tôi.)

2. Jane choose the documentary, which was very interesting and educational.

(Jane chọn phim tài liệu, điều đó rất thú vị và bổ ích.)

3. Low ratings were the reason why the TV station cancelled the comedy programme.

(Độ phổ biến thấp là lí do đài truyền hình huỷ bỏ chương trình hài kịch.)

4. Kevin is a great influencer whose social media account has 20,000 followers.

(Kevin là một người có sức ảnh hưởng lớn, người mà tài khoản mạng xã hội có 20000 người theo dõi.)

5. That billboard, which is advertising a new film, has a picture of a famous actor.

(Cái biển quảng cáo đó, cái mà đang quảng cáo phim mới, có một gương mặt của một ngôi sao nổi tiếng.)

6. May was the reason why I download the podcast app.

(May là lí do mà tôi tải ứng dụng chương trình podcast.)

7. That is the PC café, where we had our flyers printed.

(Đó là quán cà phê in-tơ-nét mà chúng tôi in tờ rơi.)

Bài 4

4. Combine the sentences using the relative pronoun which.

(Kết hợp các câu sau dùng mệnh đề quan hệ which.)

1. I forgot my phone on the bus. It was frustrating.

2. Eric is using my laptop at the moment. That's why I can't check my emails.

3. Some people post nasty things on social media. That can ruin other people's online experiences.

4. We had no internet connection yesterday. This prevented us from streaming our favourite TV shows.

5. Jacob spends hours online every day. That may be a sign of internet addiction.

Phương pháp giải:

A relative clause with which is often used as an adjective clause to modify a noun. It can sometimes be used to modify a whole sentence. In this case, the which clause is separated by a comma.

(Một mệnh đề quan hệ với which thường được dùng như là một mệnh đề tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ. Đôi khi nó có thể được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả một câu. Trong trường hợp này, mệnh đề đi với which sẽ được ngăn cách bởi một dấu phẩy.)

The reporter did not get the full story, which was upsetting to his boss. (The word which refers to the whole sentence The reporter did not get the full story.)

(Người phóng viên không nghe được đẩy đủ câu chuyện, điều này làm sếp của anh ta rất tức giận. (Từ which ở đây chỉ cả câu Người phóng viên không nghe được đầy đủ câu chuyện.)

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. I forgot my phone on the bus, which was frustrating.

(Tôi để quên điện thoại trên xe buýt, điều này khiến tôi rất bực bội.)

2. Eric is using my laptop at the moment in which I can't check my emails.

(Hiện tại Eric đang dùng máy tính xách tay của tôi nên tôi không thể xem thư điện tử được.)

3. Some people post nasty things on social media, which can ruin other people's online experiences.

(Có vài người đăng những thứ tục tĩu trên mạng xã hội, điều này có thể huỷ hoại trải nghiệm trực tuyến của những người khác.)

4. We had no internet connection yesterday, which prevented us from streaming our favourite TV shows.

(Hôm qua chúng tôi không có kết nối internet, điều này ngăn cản chúng tôi xem chương trình truyền hình ưa thích.)

5. Jacob spends hours online every day, which may be a sign of internet addiction.

(Jacob dành hàng giờ lên mạng mỗi ngày, điều này có thể là dấu hiệu của việc nghiện internet.)

Bài 5

5. Make sentences that are true for you using relative clauses with who, which, where, that, which (referring to a whole sentence), why, whose and when.

(Viết các câu đúng về bạn sử dụng các đại từ quan hệ who, which, where, that, which (bổ nghĩa cho cả câu), why, whose and when.

Lời giải chi tiết:

I know a man who has got spectacular sideburns. (Tôi biết một người đàn ông mà có bộ tóc mai rất ấn tượng.)

Can we watch the DVD which you got yesterday? (Chúng ta có thể xem đĩa DVD mà bạn mua hôm qua không?)

Are we near the shop where I saw that nice silver chain? (Chúng ta đã gần đến cửa hàng, nơi mà tôi đã thấy cái vòng cổ bạc tuyệt đẹp đó chưa?)

We live in a world that is changing all the time. (Chúng ta sống trong một thế giới luôn thay đổi theo thời gian.)

I met Rebecca in town yesterday, which was a nice surprise. (Tôi gặp Rebecca trong thị trấn hôm qua, điều này là một bất ngờ rất tuyệt.)

A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a company, helped me to get a job. (Một người bạn của tôi, có bố là giám đốc của một công ty, đã giúp tôi có được công việc.)

There was a really hot summer the year when I was born. (Năm tôi sinh ra đã có một mùa hè rất nóng.)

Do you want to know why I am angry with Sally? (Bạn có muốn biết tại sao tôi tức giận với Sally không?)

Bài 6

6. Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. The more often you read the news, _____ informed you will be.

A. the better B. the better than C. better D. better than

2. _____ teens are using social media as a source of information nowadays.

A. The more B. Less

C. More and more D Many and many

3. Newspapers are becoming _____ popular because there are so many online publications these days.

A. less than B. less and less C. the less D. the less than

4. _____ a billboard is, _____ people can see it.

A. The bigger, the more easily B. The bigger, the easier

C. Bigger, more easily D. The bigger, the easily

5. _____ people communicate on social media, _____ face-to-face interaction they will have.

A. More, less B. The more, the less C. More, fewer D. The more, the fewer

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. The more often you read the news, the better informed you will be.

(Bạn càng đọc tin tức nhiều, bạn càng biết thêm nhiều thông tin.)

2. More and more teens are using social media as a source of information nowadays.

(Ngày nay, ngày càng nhiều bạn trẻ sử dụng mạng xã hội như là một nguồn thông tin.)

3. Newspapers are becoming less and less popular because there are so many online publications these days.

(Báo chí đang ngày càng trở nên ít phổ biến hơn vì ngày nay có nhiều ấn phẩm trực tuyến hơn.)

4. The bigger a billboard is, the easier people can see it.

(Biển quảng cáo càng lớn, người ta càng dễ thấy.)

5. The more people communicate on social media, the less face-to-face interaction they will have.

(Càng ngày người ta ngày càng giao tiếp trên mạng xã hội, càng ngày người ta càng ít tương tác trực tiếp.)

Bài 7

7. Rearrange the words to make complete sentences using double comparatives.

(Sắp xếp các từ sau để tạo thành các câu hoàn chỉnh dùng so sánh kép.)

1. The / shorter / is, / a / news / bulletin / the / easily / more / people / remember / it. / can

2. Flyers / less / advertising / for / are / becoming / common / less / and / services.

3. More / people / to / listening / are / these / podcasts / more / entertainment / for / and / days.

4. The / regularly / more / you / more / update / your / blog, / followers / the / get. / might / you

5. faster / we / technology, / develop / The / the / communication / have. / methods / will / we / newer

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. The shorter a news bulletin is, the more easily people can remember it.

(Bản tin càng ngắn thì càng dễ nhớ.)

2. Flyers are becoming less and less common for advertising services.

(Tờ rơi đang ngày càng trở nên ít phổ biến hơn trong dịch vụ quảng cáo.)

3. More and more people are listening to podcasts for entertainment these days.

(Ngày nay, ngày càng nhiều người nghe các chương trình radio kĩ thuật số để giải trí.)

4. The more regularly you update your blog, the more followers you might get.

(Bạn càng thường xuyên cập nhật blog thì sẽ càng có nhiều người theo dõi.)

5. The faster we develop technology, the newer communication methods you will have.

(Công nghệ phát triển càng nhanh, chúng ta càng có nhiều phương thức giao tiếp mới.)

Bài 8

8. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one. Use the word in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nó có nghĩa giống câu thứ nhất. Sử dụng từ trong ngoặc.)

1. The number of people becoming influencers is increasing. (MORE)

____________________________________________________________________ are becoming influencers.

2. Her online fanbase is growing bigger year after year. (GROWING)

Her online fanbase _________________________________________________________________ each year.

3. If you do more research, you won't have so many problems with incorrect information. (FEWER)

The more _________________________________________ problems with incorrect information you will have.

4. If you have a more modern phone, you can read online news more quickly. (MORE QUICKLY)

The more modern your phone is, the __________________________________________________ online news.

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. More and more people are becoming influencers.

(Ngày càng có nhiều người trở thành những người có sức ảnh hưởng.)

2. Her online fanbase is growing bigger and bigger each year.

(Cộng đồng người hâm mộ trực tuyến của cô ta đang ngày càng lớn dần mỗi năm.)

3. The more research you do, the fewer problems with incorrect information you will have.

(Bạn càng tìm hiểu nhiều, thì bạn sẽ ít gặp vấn đề với những thông tin sai lệch mà bạn có.)

4. The more modern your phone is, the more quickly you can read online news.

(Điện thoại bạn càng hiện đại thì bạn có thể đọc tin tức trên mạng càng nhanh chóng.)

Bài 9

Make sentences about some popular types of media and media habits in your country, using double comparatives.

(Viết các câu về các loại phương tiện truyền thông phổ biến và thói quen sử dụng các phương tiện đó ở đất nước của bạn, dùng so sánh kép.)

Lời giải chi tiết:

The more Vietnamese people access the internet, the more they use social media platforms like Facebook and Zalo.

(Càng nhiều người Việt truy cập internet, họ càng sử dụng các nền tảng truyền thông xã hội như Facebook và Zalo.)

The younger the population, the more likely they are to consume digital content over traditional media.

(Dân số càng trẻ thì họ càng có xu hướng xem nội dung số thay vì phương tiện truyền thông truyền thống.)

The more rural the area, the more popular television and radio become as primary sources of news.

(Càng ở khu vực nông thôn, truyền hình và đài phát thanh càng trở thành nguồn tin tức chính.)

The more urbanized the area, the less traditional forms of media like newspapers are used.

(Khu vực càng đô thị thì các hình thức truyền thông truyền thống như báo chí càng ít được sử dụng.)

The more Vietnamese people use smartphones, the more they watch videos online.

(Người Việt càng sử dụng điện thoại thông minh thì họ càng xem video trực tuyến nhiều hơn.)