Tiếng Anh 12 Bright Unit 4 4b. Grammar

Bài 1

Adverbial clauses (Mệnh đề trạng từ)

1. Choose the correct answer. (Chọn câu trả lời đúng.)

1. Dave bought two festival tickets _____ his friend Paul could go with him.

A. so that B. since C. as D. seeing that

2. We hired a professional to organise the Viking Festival, _____ everything went well.

A. such B. so C. since D. so that

3. The music at the Carnevale parade was _____ loud that I had to cover my ears.

A. so B. such C. as D. because

4. Joe brought his camera to the wedding anniversary _____ he wanted to take some photos.

A. because B. so C. so that D. in order that

5. _____ everyone has arrived, we can begin the marriage ceremony.

A. So that B. Now that C. In order that D. So

6. _____ it was New Year's Eve, there was a big fireworks display in the city centre.

A. So B. Such C. So that D. Since

7. There was _____ a lot of traffic that Ann was late for the baby shower.

A. such B. so C. since D. because

Phương pháp giải:

• Adverbial clauses of purpose are used to explain why someone does something. They often start with in order that and so (that). Oliver went to the mall so (that) he could buy new shoes for his brother's wedding.

(Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ mục đích được dùng để giải thích tại sao ai đó làm gì, chúng thường bắt đầu với in order that và so (that). Oliver đi đến trung tâm mua sắm để anh ấy có thể mua giày mới cho đám cưới của anh trai anh ta.)

• Adverbial clauses of result are used to express the result of an action or an event. They are often introduced with so/such ... that and so. It was such an enjoyable festival that we stayed there all day.

(Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ kết quả được dùng để thể hiện kết quả của một hành động hoặc sự kiện. Chúng tường bắt đầu với so/such … that và so. Đó là một lễ hội đầy niềm vui đến nỗi mà chúng tôi ở đấy cả ngày.)

• Adverbial clauses of reason are used to explain why something happens. They often start with because, now (that), since, as, for and seeing that. We arrived late for the coming-of-age celebration because there was terrible traffic.

(Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ lí do được dùng để giải thích tại sao một thứ gì đó lại xảy ra. Chúng thường bắt đầu bằng because, now (that), since, as, for và seeing that. Chúng tôi đến buổi lễ trường thành trễ vì bị kẹt xe quá lâu.)

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. Dave bought two festival tickets so that his friend Paul could go with him.

(Dave đã mua hai vé lễ hội để bạn của anh ta, Paul, có thể đi cùng.)

Giải thích: việc mua hai vé giải thích cho việc Paul có thể đi cùng → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích → so that

2. We hired a professional to organise the Viking Festival, so everything went well.

(Chúng tôi thuê một người có chuyên môn để tổ chức Lễ hội Viking, nên mọi thứ diễn ra rất tốt.)

Giải thích: mọi thứ diễn ra rất tốt là kết quả của việc thuê một người có chuyên môn để tổ chức lễ hội → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả → so

3. The music at the Carnevale parade was so loud that I had to cover my ears.

(Âm nhạc ở màn diễu hành Carnevale quá to đến nỗi tôi phải bịt tai lại.)

Giải thích: việc bịt tai là kết quả của việc âm nhạc ở màn diễu hành quá to hội → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả → so

4. Joe brought his camera to the wedding anniversary because he wanted to take some photos.

(Joe mang máy ảnh đến kỉ niệm ngày cưới vì anh ấy muốn chụp vài tấm ảnh.)

Giải thích: việc muốn chụp ảnh là lí do Joe mang máy ảnh → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lí do → because

5. Now that everyone has arrived, we can begin the marriage ceremony.

Giải thích: mọi người đã đến là lí do để có thể mắt đầu lễ cưới → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lí do → now that

6. Since it was New Year's Eve, there was a big fireworks display in the city centre.

(Vì đó là đêm Giao thừa, sẽ có màn bắn pháo hoa ở trung tâm thành phố.)

Giải thích: đêm Giao thừa là lí do của màn bắn pháo hoa → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lí do → now that

7. There was such a lot of traffic that Ann was late for the baby shower.

(Kẹt xe quá nhiều khiến Ann đến lễ tắm trẻ trễ.)

Giải thích: kết quả của việc kẹt xe là Ann đến lễ tắm trẻ trễ → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả → such

Bài 2

2. Choose the correct answer. (Chọn câu trả lời đúng.)

1. Though/Unless John was busy, he still managed to attend his grandma's longevity celebration.

2. It wasn't very crowded in the city centre since/although the St Patrick's Day parade was taking place.

3. I will attend Carnevale provided that/although I'm in Venice when it takes place.

4. We will go to the park after the Viking Festival if/unless it doesn't rain.

5. We will get to the wedding on time unless/as long as we don't hit heavy traffic.

Phương pháp giải:

• Adverbial clauses of concession are used to express contrast. They often start with though, although, even though and while. Even though Clare was feeling tired, she went to her friend’s baby shower.

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ dùng để biểu thị những sự đối lập. Chúng thường bắt đầu với though, although, even though và while. Dù Clare đang cảm thấy mệt, nhưng cô ấy vẫn đến tiệc tắm trẻ của bạn cô ấy.)

• Adverbial clauses of condition are used to express a hypothesis or a condition. They often start with if, unless. as/so long as, provided that and in case. As long as/So long as it's not cold out. we will spend the afternoon at the harvest festival.

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện được dùng để giả sử, Chúng thường bắt đầu với if, unless, as/so long as, provided that và in case. Miễn là ngoài trời không lạnh, chúng tôi sẽ dành cả buổi chiều ở lễ hội thu hoạch.)

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. Though John was busy, he still managed to attend his grandma's longevity celebration.

(Dù John bận, anh ấy vấn cố gắng dự lễ thượng thọ của bà.)

Giải thích: việc tham dự lễ thượng thọ của bà đối lập với việc John bận → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ → though

2. It wasn't very crowded in the city centre although the St Patrick's Day parade was taking place.

(Trong trung tâm thành phố không đông đúc lắm dù đang diễn ra đoàn diễu hành của lễ thánh Patrick.)

Giải thích: việc diễu hành lễ thánh Patrick đối lập với việc trung tâm thành phố không đông đúc → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ → although

3. I will attend Carnevale provided that I'm in Venice when it takes place.

(Tôi sẽ tham dự lễ hội hoá trang giả sử tôi ở Venice khi nó diễn ra.)

Giải thích: việc tôi ở Venice khi lễ hội diễn ra chưa chắc sẽ xảy ra, nó chỉ là một giả sử → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện → provided that

4. We will go to the park after the Viking Festival if it doesn't rain.

(Chúng ta sẽ đến công viên sau Lễ hội người Viking nếu trời không mưa.)

Giải thích: việc trời không mưa chưa chắc đã xảy ra, nó chỉ là một giả sử → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện → if

5. We will get to the wedding on time as long as we don't hit heavy traffic.

(Chúng ta sẽ đến đám cưới đúng giờ miễn là chúng ta không dính kẹt xe.)

Giải thích: việc đến đám cưới đúng giờ chưa chắc đã xảy ra, nó chỉ là một giả sử → dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện → as long as

Bài 3

3. Combine the sentences using the words in brackets. Write in your notebook.

(Kết hợp các câu sau dùng các từ trong ngoặc. Viết vào vở của bạn.)

1. The festival was held in a small town. It attracted tourists from all over the world. (though)

2. There were huge crowds at the Songkran celebration. Tom still managed to find his friends. (although)

3. We will attend the Dia de los Muertos parade. The weather is nice. (provided that)

4. Ann took a jumper with her to the outdoor celebration. It might get cold later. (in case)

5. You can't see the fireworks display at the festival very well. It's dark outside. (unless)

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. Though the festival was held in a small town, it attracted tourists from all over the world.

(Dù lễ hội được tổ chức trong một thị trấn nhỏ, nhưng nó vẫn thu hút nhiều khách du lịch từ khắp thế giới.)

Giải thích: hai việc tổ chức lễ hội trong thị trấn nhỏ và thu hút nhiều khách du lịch là hai việc đối lập nhau.

Công thức với though: Though + mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2.

2. Although there were huge crowds at the Songkran celebration, Tom still managed to find his friends.

(Dù có rất nhiều đám đông lớn trong ở lễ hội té nước Songkran, Tom vẫn có thể tìm được các bạn của anh ấy.)

Giải thích: hai việc có rất nhiều đám đông lớn trong ở lễ hội và vẫn có thể tìm được các bạn của anh ấy là hai việc đối lập nhau.

Công thức với Although: Although + mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2.

3. Provided that the weather is nice, we will attend the Dia de los Muertos parade.

(Giả sử trời đẹp, chúng ta sẽ tham dự diễu hành của Lễ hội người chết.)

Giải thích: việc trời đẹp chưa chắc sẽ xảy ra, nó chỉ là một giả sử.

Công thức với provided that: Provided that + mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2.

4. Ann took a jumper with her to the outdoor celebration in case it might get cold later.

(Ann mang một cái áo len đến lễ hội ngoài trời phòng trường hợp trời có thể lạnh sau đó.)

Giải thích: việc trời có thể lạnh sau đó chưa chắc sẽ xảy ra, nó chỉ là một giả sử.

Công thức với in case: Mệnh đề 1 + in case + mệnh đề 2.

5. You can’t see the fireworks display at the festival very well unless it's dark outside.

(Ta không thể xem rõ biểu diễn pháo hoa ở lễ hội trừ khi trời tối.)

Giải thích: việc trời tối chưa chắc sẽ xảy ra, nó chỉ là một giả sử.

Công thức với unless: Unless + mệnh đề khẳng định, mệnh đề phủ định.

Bài 4

4. Make sentences about yourself, using the adverbial clauses in the theory boxes. Tell your partner.

(Viết các câu về bản thân bạn, dùng các mệnh đề trạng từ trong hộp lí thuyết. Nói với bạn cùng bàn của bạn.)

I am saving money so that I can travel to Thailand for my holiday.

(Tôi đang tiết kiệm tiền để tôi có thể đi du lịch Thái Lan vào kì nghỉ của tôi.)

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. I managed to get some sleep although there was a lot of noise.

(Tôi cũng cố gắng ngủ được dù có rất nhiều tiếng ồn.)

2. I didn't get the job because I didn’t have all the necessary qualifications.

(Tôi không nhận được công việc thì tôi không có đủ bằng cấp cần thiết.)

3. I closed the door in my room so than I can work properly.

(Tôi đóng cửa phòng để có thể làm việc hiệu quả.)

Bài 5

5. Choose the correct answer. (Chọn câu trả lời đúng.)

1. During the parade, Laura was dancing _____ she was a professional.

A. just as B. as though C. than D. while

2. This is _____ enjoyable Songkran Festival I've been to in ages!

A. most B. the most C. more D. so

3. The celebrations will continue _____ the sun comes up.

A. before B. as if C. until D. so

4. I will go to Sarah's baby shower _____ this heavy rain stops.

A. just as B. as soon as C. while D. until

Phương pháp giải:

• Adverbial clauses of comparison are used to compare two things or ideas. They are often introduced with as or than and typically include comparative adjectives or adverbs.

Brian's birthday party this year isn't as fun as it was last year.

They organised the longevity ceremony much better than we expected.

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ so sánh được dùng để so sánh hai vật hoặc hai ý kiến. Chúng thường đi kèm với as hoặc than và thường đi kèm với dạng so sánh của tính từ hoặc trạng từ.

Tiệc sinh nhật của Brian năm nay không vui bằng năm ngoái.

Họ tổ chức lễ thượng thọ tốt hơn năm ngoái.)

• Adverbial clauses of manner are used to express the way in which something is said/done. They often start with as and as if/as though.

She talks as if she knows everyone at the gathering. (Perhaps she does.)

Mike speaks as though he went to dozens of festivals. (But he didn't.)

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thái độ, dùng để thể hiện cách mà một thứ được nói hay được làm. Chúng thường bắt đầu với as if/ as though

Cô ấy nói chuyện như thể cô ấy biết mọi người ở bữa tiệc. (Có lẽ cô ấy biết.)

Mike nói chuyện như thể anh ta đã đến hàng tá lễ hội. (Nhưng anh ta chưa đi.))

• Adverbial clauses of time are used to express the time when an action takes place. They often start with before, after, when, while, until and as soon as. As soon as Jen walks in, everyone will shout: 'Surprise!"

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian được dùng để mô tả thời gian khi một hành động xảy ra. Chúng thường bắt đầu với before, after, when, while, until và as soon as. Ngay khi Jen bước vào, mọi người sẽ hét lên: “Bất ngờ chưa!”)

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. During the parade, Laura was dancing as though she was a professional.

(Trong lễ diễu hành, Laura đang nhảy như thể cô ấy là một người chuyên nghiệp.)

Giải thích: Việc Laura nhảy như một người chuyên nghiệp là việc không có thật → dùng mệnh đề chỉ thái độ → as though

2. This is the most enjoyable Songkran Festival I've been to in ages!

(Đây là lễ hội Songkran tuyệt vời nhất mà tôi từng đến trong nhiều năm.)

Giải thích: Xét theo nghĩa của câu, lễ hội Songkran này tuyệt nhất → tuyệt hơn những lễ hội Songkran khác → mệnh đề trạng ngữ so sánh → the most

3. The celebrations will continue until the sun comes up.

(Lễ kỉ niệm sẽ tiếp tục cho đến khi mặt trời mọc.)

Giải thích: Chỗ trống cần điền một trạng từ chỉ thời gian. Xét theo nghĩa của câu, chỉ có until là phù hợp.

4. I will go to Sarah's baby shower as soon as this heavy rain stops.

(Mình sẽ đi đến lễ tắm trẻ của Sarah ngay khi cơn mưa nặng hạt này tạnh.)

Giải thích: Chỗ trống cần điền một trạng từ chỉ thời gian. Xét theo nghĩa của câu, chỉ có as soon as là phù hợp.

Bài 6

6. Make complete sentences using the following prompts.

(Tạo các câu hoàn chỉnh dùng các gợi ý sau.)

1. Sue/dress up/as though / she / be / host / last week's cultural event.

2. Yesterday's firework display / be / good / than / we / expect.

3 I think / Dia de los Muertos / the most / amusing / festival / in Mexico.

4. They /spend /days/ decorate / their homes/ before / the festival / begin / yesterday.

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. Sue dress up as though she was the host of last week’s cultural event.

(Sue ăn mặc như thể cô ấy là người dẫn chương trình của sự kiện văn hoá tuần trước.)

2. Yesterday’s firework display was better than we expected.

(Màn trình diễn pháo hoa hôm qua tốt hơn chúng tôi nghĩ.)

3. I think Dia de los Muertos is the most amusing festival in Mexico.

(Tôi nghĩ lễ hội người chết là lễ hội vui nhất ở Mexico.)

4. They had spent many days decorating their homes before the festival began yesterday.

(Họ đã dành nhiều ngày trang trí nhà cửa trước khi lễ hội bắt đầu vào hôm qua.)

Bài 7

7. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the words in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nó cùng nghĩa với câu thứ nhất. Dùng các từ trong ngoặc)

1. We left the parade early because there was bad weather. (so ... that)

The weather _________________________ we left the parade early.

2. The way Claire talks about the Songkran celebration makes it sound like she has experienced it. (as though)

Claire talks about the Songkran celebration _________________________ it.

3. We will be late for the Carnevale if we don't leave now. (unless)

We will be late for the Carnevale _________________________ now.

4. The locals will ring the temple bell the moment it turns midnight. (soon)

The locals will ring _________________________ midnight.

5. We were driving to our friend's birthday party when we saw a street parade. (while)

We saw a street parade _________________________ to our friend's birthday party.

6. Jane is going to the wedding venue early because there may be heavy traffic. (in case)

Jane is going to the wedding venue early _________________________ traffic.

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. The weather was so bad that we left the parade early.

(Thời tiết xấu đến nỗi mà chúng tôi phải rời buổi diễu hành sớm.)

Giải thích: Cấu trúc với so: S1 + V1 + so + adj/adv + that + S2 + V2 + … .

2. Claire talks about the Songkran celebration as though she had experienced it.

(Clare nói về lễ hội té nước Songkran như thể cô ấy đã trải nghiệm nó.)

Giải thích: Cấu trúc với as if/ as though: S1 + V1 + … + so + as if/ as though + S2 + V2/ed (quá khứ) + … .

3. We will be late for the Carnevale unless we leave now.

(Chúng ta sẽ đến lễ hội hoá trang trễ trừ khi chúng ta đi ngay bây giờ.)

Giải thích: Cấu trúc với unless: S1 + V1 + … + unless + S2 + V2 + … .

4. The locals will ring the temple bell as soon as it turns midnight.

(Dân địa phương sẽ rung chuông đền ngay khi đến nửa đêm.)

Giải thích: Cấu trúc với as soon as: S1 + V1 + … + as soon as + S2 + V2 + … .

5. We saw a street parade while we were driving to our friend's birthday party.

Giải thích: Một hành động đang xảy ra thì có một hành động khác chen vào. Hành động đang xảy ra chia quá khứ tiếp diễn. Hành động chen vào chia quá khứ đơn.

6. Jane is going to the wedding venue early in case there may be heavy traffic.

Giải thích: Cấu trúc với in case: S1 + V1 + … + in case + S2 + V2 + … .

Bài 8

8. In pairs, take turns to complete the story using the following words.

(Theo cặp, lần lượt hoàn thành câu chuyện dùng các từ bên dưới.)

• (though) weather / cold / we / go out / yesterday.

• (because) we / eat / Thai restaurant / we / want / celebrate / my brother's birthday.

• (so that) we / choose / table / by the window / we / can / enjoy / view outside.

• (as soon as) we / sit down / the waiter / show / menu / and / take / our order.

• (so ... that) food / good / we / all / eat / a lot.

• (as though) I / feel / we / be / really / Thailand.

A: Though the weather was cold, we went out yesterday.

(Dù hôm qua trời lạnh nhưng chúng tôi vẫn ra ngoài.)

B: ...

Lời giải chi tiết:

Though the weather was cold, we decided to go out yesterday. We chose to eat at a Thai restaurant because we wanted celebrate my brother’s birthday. We chose a table by the window, so that we could enjoy the view outside. As soon as we sat down, the waiter showed us the menu and took our order. The food was so good that we all ate a lot. It felt as though we were really in Thailand.

(Mặc dù thời tiết lạnh nhưng chúng tôi quyết định đi ra ngoài ngày hôm qua. Chúng tôi chọn ăn ở một nhà hàng Thái vì chúng tôi muốn tổ chức sinh nhật cho anh trai tôi. Chúng tôi chọn một chiếc bàn cạnh cửa sổ để có thể ngắm cảnh bên ngoài. Ngay khi chúng tôi ngồi xuống, người phục vụ đưa cho chúng tôi thực đơn và gọi món. Thức ăn ngon đến nỗi tất cả chúng tôi đều ăn rất nhiều. Cảm giác như thể chúng tôi thực sự đang ở Thái Lan.)